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''Macbeth'' is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi, with an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave and additions by Andrea Maffei, based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. Written for the Teatro della Pergola in Florence, it was Verdi's tenth opera and first given on 14 March 1847. ''Macbeth'' was the first Shakespeare play that Verdi adapted for the operatic stage. Almost twenty years later, ''Macbeth'' was revised and expanded in a French version and given in Paris on 19 April 1865. After the success of ''Attila'' in 1846, by which time the composer had become well established, ''Macbeth'' came before the great successes of 1850 to 1853 (''Rigoletto'', ''Il trovatore'' and ''La traviata'') which propelled him into universal fame. As sources, Shakespeare's plays provided Verdi with lifelong inspiration: some, such as an adaption of ''King Lear'' (as ''Re Lear'') were never realized, but he wrote his two final operas using ''Othello'' as the basis for ''Otello'' (1887) and ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'' as the basis for ''Falstaff'' (1893). The first version of ''Macbeth'' was completed during the time which Verdi described as his "galley years" which ranged over a period 16 years,〔Verdi to Clara Maffei, 12 May 1858, in Phillips-Matz, p. 379. He wrote: "From ''Nabucco'', you may say, I have never had one hour of peace. Sixteen years in the galleys!"〕 and one which saw the composer produce 22 operas. By the standards of the subject matter of almost all Italian operas during the first fifty years of the 19th century, ''Macbeth'' was highly unusual. The 1847 version was very successful and it was presented widely. Pleased with his opera and with its reception, Verdi wrote to Antonio Barezzi, his former father-in-law and long-time supporter about two weeks after the premiere: The 1865 revision, produced in a French translation and with several additions was first given on 19 April of that year. It was less successful, and the opera largely faded from public view until the mid-20th century revivals. ==Composition history== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Macbeth (opera)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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